Common Lisp the Language
2nd Edition
Most of the following functions perform simple operations on a single sequence; make-sequence constructs a new sequence.
[Function]
elt sequence index
This returns the element of sequence specified by index which must be a non-negative integer less than the length of the sequence as returned by length. The first element of a sequence has index 0.
(Note that elt observes the fill pointer in those vectors that have fill pointers. The array-specific function aref may be used to access vector elements that are beyond the vector's fill pointer.)
setf may be used with elt to destructively replace a sequence element with a new value.
[Function]
subseq sequence start &optional end
This returns the subsequence of sequence specified by start and end. subseq always allocates a new sequence for a result; it never shares storage with an old sequence. The result subsequence is always of the same type as the argument sequence.
setf may be used with subseq to destructively replace a subsequence with a sequence of new values; see also replace.
[Function]
copy-seq sequence
A copy is made of the argument sequence; the result is equalp to the argument but not eq to it.
(copy-seq x) == (subseq x 0)
but the name copy-seq is more perspicuous when applicable.
[Function]
length sequence
The number of elements in sequence is returned as a non-negative integer. If the sequence is a vector with a fill pointer the ``active length'' as specified by the fill pointer is returned (see section 17.5).
[Function]
reverse sequence
The result is a new sequence of the same kind as sequence containing the same elements but in reverse order. The argument is not modified.
[Function]
nreverse sequence
The result is a sequence containing the same elements as sequence but in reverse order. The argument may be destroyed and re-used to produce the result. The result may or may not be eq to the argument so it is usually wise to say something like (setq x (nreverse x)) because simply (nreverse x) is not guaranteed to leave a reversed value in x.
X3J13 voted in March 1989 (REMF-DESTRUCTION-UNSPECIFIED)
to clarify the permissible side effects of certain operations.
When the sequence is a list
nreverse is permitted to perform a setf on any part
car or cdr
of the top-level list structure of that list.
When the sequence is an array
nreverse is permitted to re-order the elements of the given array
in order to produce the resulting array.
[Function]
make-sequence type size &key :initial-element
This returns a sequence of type type and of length size each of whose elements has been initialized to the :initial-element argument. If specified the :initial-element argument must be an object that can be an element of a sequence of type type. For example:
(make-sequence '(vector double-float) 100 :initial-element 1d0)
If an :initial-element argument is not specified then the sequence will be initialized in an implementation-dependent way.
X3J13 voted in January 1989
(ARGUMENTS-UNDERSPECIFIED)
to clarify that the type argument
must be a type specifier
and the size argument
must be a non-negative integer less than the value of
array-dimension-limit.
X3J13 voted in June 1989 (SEQUENCE-TYPE-LENGTH) to specify that make-sequence should signal an error if the sequence type specifies the number of elements and the size argument is different.
X3J13 voted in March 1989 (CHARACTER-PROPOSAL)
to specify that if type is string
the result is the same
as if make-string had been called with the same size
and :initial-element arguments.